Metal rolling bearing is mainly used in the following three parts: spindle, ball screw and general drive shaft. This is an important part of three-dimensional stone carving machine.

主轴轴承作为机床的基础配套件，其性能直接影响到机床的转速、回转精度、刚性、抗颤振动切削性能、噪声、温升及热变形等，进而影响到加工零件的精度、表面质量等。因此，高性能的机床必须配用高性能的轴承。

As the basic assembly of machine tool, the performance of spindle bearing directly affects the speed, rotation accuracy, rigidity, anti vibration cutting performance, noise, temperature rise and thermal deformation of machine tool, and then affects the precision and surface quality of machined parts. Therefore, high performance machine tools must be equipped with high-performance bearings.

滚动轴承的精度一般分为P0、P6、P5、P4和P2五个等级，用于精密机床主轴上的轴承精度应为P5及其以上级，而对于数控机床、加工等高速、高精密机床的主轴支承，则需选用P4及其以上级超精密轴承。

The accuracy of rolling bearings is generally divided into five grades: P0, P6, P5, P4 and P2. The bearing accuracy used in the spindle of precision machine tools should be P5 and above. For the spindle support of high-speed and high-precision machine tools such as CNC machine tools and machining centers, P4 and its superior super precision bearings should be selected.

机床用主轴轴承通常包括深沟球轴承、角接触球轴承、圆柱滚子轴承、双向推力角接触球轴承、圆锥滚子轴承和推力轴承等六种结构类型。

Spindle bearings for machine tools usually include deep groove ball bearing, angular contact ball bearing, cylindrical roller bearing, bidirectional thrust angular contact ball bearing, tapered roller bearing and thrust bearing.

随着数控技术的快速发展，“复合、高速、智能、精密、”已成为当今机床工业技术发展的主要趋势。其中，高速加工可以有效地提高机床的加工效率、缩短工件的加工周期。这就要求机床主轴及其相关部件要适应高速加工的需求。目前，数控机床主轴轴承基本上限定在角接触球轴承、圆柱滚子轴承、双向推力角接触球轴承和圆锥滚子轴承等四种结构类型。

With the rapid development of numerical control technology, "compound, high-speed, intelligent, precision, environmental protection" has become the main trend of the development of machine tool industry technology. Among them, high-speed machining can effectively improve the machining efficiency of the machine tool and shorten the processing cycle of the workpiece. This requires the machine tool spindle and its related parts to adapt to the needs of high-speed machining. At present, CNC machine tool spindle bearings are basically limited to four types of structure: angular contact ball bearing, cylindrical roller bearing, bidirectional thrust angular contact ball bearing and tapered roller bearing.

伴随着数控机床主轴向高速化发展，陶瓷材料(主要指Si3N4工程陶瓷)因具有密度小、弹性模量高、热膨胀系数小、耐磨、耐高温、耐腐蚀等优良性能，从而成为制造高速精密轴承的理想材料。陶瓷轴承得到越来越广泛的应用，鉴于陶瓷材料的难加工性，精密陶瓷轴承多为滚动体是陶瓷、内外套圈仍由铬钢制造的混合陶瓷球轴承。

With the rapid development of CNC machine tool spindle, ceramic material (mainly refers to Si3N4 engineering ceramics) has become an ideal material for manufacturing high-speed precision bearings because of its low density, high elastic modulus, small thermal expansion coefficient, wear resistance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and other excellent properties. Ceramic bearings have been widely used. In view of the difficult machining of ceramic materials, the precision ceramic bearings are mostly rolling elements, which are hybrid ceramic ball bearings with ceramic and inner and outer rings still made of chromium steel.

滚珠丝杠副作为精密、、灵敏的传动元件，除了应采用高精度的丝杠、螺母和滚珠外，还应注意选用轴向刚度高、摩擦力矩小、运转精度高的轴承。滚珠丝杠支承过去常用双向推力角接触球轴承、圆锥滚子轴承、滚针和推力滚子组合轴承、深沟球轴承和推力球轴承等。目前，滚珠丝杠支承采用更多的是60°接触角的单列推力角接触球轴承，而且，精度等级也是以P4及其以上级为主。机床用装于一般传动轴上的滚动轴承，其要求和选用与普通机械传动轴承相同，只需满足强度和寿命要求，转速不超过所规定的轴承极限转速即可。

As a precise, efficient and sensitive transmission element, ball screw should not only adopt high-precision screw, nut and ball, but also select the bearing with high axial stiffness, small friction torque and high running accuracy. In the past, ball screw bearings were used to support two-way thrust angular contact ball bearings, tapered roller bearings, needle and thrust roller combined bearings, deep groove ball bearings and thrust ball bearings. At present, the single row thrust angular contact ball bearing with 60 ° contact angle is the most widely used ball screw support, and the accuracy grade is mainly P4 or above. The rolling bearing installed on the general transmission shaft of machine tool has the same requirements and selection as the ordinary mechanical transmission bearing. It only needs to meet the strength and life requirements, and the speed should not exceed the specified limit speed of the bearing.

立体石材雕刻机中，在通常情况下，我们所提到的机床滚动轴承是指机床主轴轴承以及滚珠丝杠轴承，精密机床轴承则是指精度为P5及其P5以上级的主轴轴承和丝杠轴承。

In three-dimensional stone engraving machine, under normal circumstances, the rolling bearing of machine tool refers to the spindle bearing and ball screw bearing of machine tool, while the bearing of precision machine tool refers to the spindle bearing and screw bearing whose accuracy is higher than P5 and P5.