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木工加工失效及处理方法！
来源：http://www.jmycnc.com 时间：2019-05-16
木工加工的主要失效方式及处理办法
Main failure modes and treatment methods of woodworking processing centers
在切削过程中，刀具磨损到应该的限度，切削刃崩刃或破损，切削刃卷刃（塑性变形）时，刀具丧失其切削才能或无法保证加工质量，称为刀具失效。刀具破损的主要方式及产生的缘由和对策如下：
In the process of cutting, when the tool wears to the proper limit, the cutting edge breaks or breaks, and the cutting edge is rolled (plastic deformation), the tool loses its cutting ability or can not guarantee the quality of cutting, which is called tool failure. The main ways, causes and Countermeasures of tool breakage are as follows:
1、后刀面磨损
1. Flank wear
由机械应力惹起的呈现在后刀面上的摩擦磨损。
Friction and wear on the back face caused by mechanical stress.
产生的缘由：由于刀具资料过软，刀具的后角偏小，加工过程中切削速度太高、进给量太小，形成后刀面磨损过量，使得加工外表尺寸精度降低，增大摩擦力。
Reasons: Because the tool data is too soft, the back angle of the tool is too small, the cutting speed is too high and the feed is too small in the process of machining, resulting in excessive wear of the flank, which reduces the dimensional accuracy of the machined surface and increases the friction force.
处理方法：应选择耐磨性高的刀具资料，同时降低切削速度，进步进给量，增大刀具后角。
Processing method: Tool data with high wear resistance should be selected, cutting speed should be reduced, feed rate should be improved and tool back angle should be increased.
2、主切削刃的边境磨损
2. Border Wear of Main Cutting Edge
主切削刃上的边境磨损常见于与工件的接触面处。
Border wear on the main cutting edge is common at the contact surface with the workpiece.
产生的缘由：工件外表硬化、锯齿状切屑形成的摩擦，影响切屑的流向并招致崩刀。
Reasons: Hardening of the workpiece surface and friction caused by serrated chips affect the flow direction of chips and cause tool collapse.
处理方法：降低切削速度和进给速度，同时选择耐磨刀具资料并增大前角使切削刃尖利。
Processing method: Reduce cutting speed and feed speed, select wear-resistant tool data and increase rake angle to make cutting edge sharp.
3、前刀面磨损（月牙洼磨损）
3. Wear of rake face (crescent depression wear)
在前刀面上由摩擦和扩散招致的磨损。前刀面磨损会使刀具产生变形、干扰排屑、降低切削刃强度。
Wear on the rake face caused by friction and diffusion. The wear of rake face will cause tool deformation, interference chip removal and reduce cutting edge strength.
产生的缘由：切屑与工件资料的接触以及对发热区域的扩散惹起。另外刀具资料过软，加工过程中切削速度太高、进给量太大，也是前刀面磨损产生的缘由。
Reasons for this: the contact between chips and workpiece data and the diffusion of heating area. In addition, too soft tool data, too high cutting speed and too much feed in the process of machining are also the causes of rake face wear.
处理方法：降低切削速度和进给速度，同时选择涂层硬质合金资料刀具。
Processing method: Reduce cutting speed and feed speed, and select coated carbide tool.
4、塑性变形
4. Plastic Deformation
切削刃在高温或高应力作用下产生的变形。它将影响切屑的构成质量，有时也会招致崩刀。
Deformation of cutting edge under high temperature or high stress. It will affect the quality of chip composition and sometimes cause tool collapse.
产生的缘由：切削速度、进给速度太高以及工件资料中的硬质点的作用，刀具资料太软和切削刃温度很高等现象惹起。
Reasons: too high cutting speed, too high feed speed and the role of hard particles in workpiece data, too soft tool data and high cutting edge temperature are the causes.
处理方法：降低切削速度和进给速度，选择耐磨性高和导热系数大的刀具资料。
Processing method: Reduce cutting speed and feed speed, select tool data with high wear resistance and thermal conductivity.
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